For close to eighty years, the Middle Eastern geopolitical order was founded on consensus; a stiff, transactional order that simply traded Saudi Arabian oil for U.S. security guarantees. Yet in the pluralized world of 2026, this unipolar an...
The South China Sea continues to be among the most disputed maritime zones in the modern international system, a mixture of unresolved claims to sovereignty, dense commercial shipping routes, and strategic priorities on both regional and ex...
The December 2025 visit by Russian President Vladimir Putin to New Delhi for the 23rd India–Russia Annual Summit represented a significant moment for diplomacy in the history of modern international relations. The visit took place during th...
The current framework of security has incorporated Earth’s orbit and outer space as areas of militarization in the pursuance of safeguarding national interests. While the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 has prevented the nuclearization of space,...
The April 2025 Pahalgam terror attack, which killed 26 civilians, marked a turning point in India’s internal security and triggered Operation Sindoor against Pakistan-based terror infrastructure. While militarily effective, the operation ex...
I. Introduction: Operation Sindoor, India’s coordinated tri service strike against terrorism infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan administered Kashmir on 7–10 May 2025, marked a pivotal escalation in India–Pakistan relations. ¹ Although ...
Ever since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, European states have faced a growing wave of hybrid threats. These threats are not always visible or dramatic, but they are persistent and deeply disruptive. In this artic...
In 2014, the Philippines and the US signed an agreement that allowed the US to build facilities on the country's military bases. The alliance between the nations is driven by threats. As China's power has increased, the relationship between...
ASEAN leaders have in-principle agreed to admit Timor-Leste. But this admission is conditioned upon Timor-Leste successfully fulfilling a criteria-based roadmap. This objective roadmap has not yet been drafted, let alone put up for adoption...
Japan launched its most significant military buildup since World War II earlier this month, with a $320 billion plan to acquire missiles capable of countering its regional threats and prepare it for any kind of long-term battle. The regiona...
The seeds of Vietnam's military modernisation programme were sown shortly after the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was established in 1976, when the country was attacked by its giant neighbour, the People's Republic of China. Following Hanoi...
Under the Interim National Security Strategic Guidance document released by Whitehouse in April 2021 there are few priority areas which have been highlighted. There are five major pillars: ‘rising nationalism, challenges to democracy, US gr...
