The United States has long been a leader in producing cutting-edge technology and superior weapons in the murky world of military history, where innovation and secrecy mix. The USA's secret weapon programmes have altered the trajectory of c...
The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean on earth, covering about 20 per cent of the earth's water surface. It expands to South Asia in the north, Africa and Arabia in the west, South East Asia and Australia in the east, and Antarctica t...
The debate about India's strategic thought starts from post-independence phase and thereafter different policy initiatives and approach are deciphered to look for the template of that approach. The major debate therefore hinges on India's i...
In the swiftly evolving landscape of modern geopolitics, the significance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands as a pivotal force driving nations toward economic prowess, technological advancement, and global influence. The United States,...
The 5th Meeting of the BIMSTEC National Security Chiefs, held in New Delhi in July 2026, highlighted the growing importance of intelligence and security cooperation in the Bay of Bengal region. This article examines the significance of the ...
The Sahel has emerged as one of the most persistent zones of political and security instability in Africa, shaped by the convergence of climate stress, weak governance, jihadist insurgency, resource competition and external intervention. Th...
On July 4, Tehran's Grand Mosalla Mosque saw millions gather ahead of the multi-day state funeral procession of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. However, in a crucial game of optics, the funeral also revealed Iran's current political standing i...
The security landscape between India and Pakistan has undergone a significant transformation following Operation Sindoor, extending beyond traditional concerns of cross-border terrorism and Kashmir. This article examines the operation's str...
The United Nations was established in 1945 with the ambitious goal of preserving international peace, promoting collective security, and preventing future global conflicts. For decades, it has served as the primary forum for diplomacy, conf...
It has almost been 10 years of the EU referendum that brought Britain's much contended exit from the European Union. Was public support for ‘Leave’ manufactured by populist politics of the time? Nevertheless, the volatility of the economy h...
Mega sporting events are increasingly becoming instruments of statecraft rather than merely celebrations of athletic competition. In an era where economic influence, international reputation, and strategic positioning are central to nationa...
The 2026 Quad Foreign Ministers' Meeting in New Delhi marked an important step in the evolution of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue from a primarily consultative forum into a platform increasingly focused on operational cooperation and p...
The landscape of terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) has undergone a profound structural transformation in recent years. The nature of terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is no longer defined only by covert infiltration or cross-b...
On April 22, 2025, terrorists affiliated with Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) launched an attack on tourists in Baisaran Valley, located in the Pahalgam area of Anantnag district, Jammu and Kashmir. The assault, which continued for approximately 20 t...
Jammu and Kashmir remains a focal point in India's internal security landscape, with terrorism-related incidents shaping the region’s evolving threat environment. The need for a structured and data-driven approach to tracking these developm...
Jammu and Kashmir remains a focal point in India's internal security landscape, with terrorism-related incidents shaping the region’s evolving threat environment. The need for a structured and data-driven approach to tracking these developm...
The maritime security landscape in the East China Sea has experienced a major and long-term shift in the last ten years, shifting away from the periodical territorial conflicts to a state of long-term strategic rivalry characterised by pers...
In the changing nature of modern-day war, airspace is no longer restricted to fighter jets or missile landings. The skies are now crowded like never before, changing the definition of an "aerial battlespace"- dramatically. In addition to th...
In the aftermath of former United States of America (USA) President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s farewell address in 1961, welcoming the development of large-scale industries working on military equipment, the same industries have now been in the...
The contemporary geopolitical landscape is increasingly defined by conflicts that deliberately evade formal declarations of war, operating instead in an ambiguous domain known as the grey zone. The United States Intelligence Community asses...
The first two weeks of February 2025 witnessed a disturbing escalation in terrorist activities in Pakistan, especially in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK). From infiltration attempts along the Line of Control (LoC) to the open promotion of e...
In Asia, the level of militant violence linked to different movements remains well below its historic highs. Although the various insurgencies in Pakistan, India, the Philippines, and the contested Kashmir region continue to cause political...
On November 19, 2023, Israel reported that Yemen's Houthis had seized a British-owned and Japanese-operated cargo ship in the southern Red Sea, calling the action an "Iranian act of terrorism" with international maritime security implicatio...
Over the course of past several weeks, the Red Sea has witnessed a surge in Houthi drone attacks targeting maritime assets, thereby posing a formidable challenge to regional and global maritime security. These attacks, orchestrated by Houth...
The convergence of space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence is redefining the foundations of national power and strategic competition. This article examines how India is integrating these domains through its evolving AI diplomacy, hig...
The nature of security has undergone a profound transformation in the twenty-first century. While traditional security frameworks focused primarily on territorial defence, military power, and state sovereignty, contemporary geopolitical rea...
While nuclear deterrence, as a concept, stands widely credited with preventing large-scale interstate war, this study argues that it has instead entrenched a cycle of persistent mistrust and low-intensity conflict. Drawing upon the deterren...
Extended deterrence has long served as the foundation of the United States' alliance architecture in the Indo-Pacific, providing security guarantees to partners such as Japan, South Korea, and Australia while reinforcing regional stability ...
Modern warfare development now depends on advanced technology systems which provide better situational awareness and improved decision-making capabilities. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, which people commonly call drones, have become essential t...
In the current geopolitical scenario, where border tensions are no longer traced with conventional strategic monitoring techniques, the character of global border security and their impact is changing. Innovations and technological advances...
In today’s world, information warfare has become a significant aspect of modern conflict, driven by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and digital communication. Information warfare poses serious risks to both national security a...
“Mind over maps. That’s twenty-first century warfare for you.”Whilst conventional strategies involving firepower continue to redraw tactical borders, one cannot deny the unmistakable and somewhat frightful regularity with which political, e...
The rapid advancement of 'Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems' (LAWS) has exposed significant gaps in the governance of emerging military technologies. This article examines how autonomous targeting challenges the principles of international ...
The contemporary confrontation between Iran and the United States cannot be understood without examining the historical events that transformed a strategic partnership into one of the most enduring rivalries in international politics. Begin...
Benjamin Netanyahu's principle "Peace is purchased from strength. It's not purchased from weakness", confronts the reality of Pakistan's Defense Minister Khawaja Asif's declaration: "Israel is evil and a curse for humanity...I hope and pray...
A lot has changed in the South Caucasus after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and the subsequent takeover of the territory by Azerbaijan. From being a mere territorial dispute, the conflict has attracted extra-regional players...
The Maghreb is often treated as a coherent geopolitical region, yet beneath this label lies a complex landscape shaped by colonial legacies, competing national identities, and unresolved questions of cultural recognition. While post-indepen...
More than three decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union, questions surrounding Russia's role in the post-Soviet space continue to shape global geopolitics. Under Vladimir Putin's leadership, Moscow has consistently challenged aspects...
Semiconductors have emerged as one of the most strategically significant technologies of the twenty-first century, underpinning everything from artificial intelligence and advanced military systems to telecommunications, electric vehicles, ...
The consequences of major conflicts are rarely confined to the regions in which they occur. While the US–Iran conflict is centred in the Middle East, its effects have already begun to reverberate across distant regions through disrupted sup...
The twenty-first century has inaugurated a new phase of geopolitical competition, one that extends beyond terrestrial borders into the contested expanse of outer space. The Artemis Accords, formally initiated by NASA and the United States D...
The space technology in the contemporary times has been advancing on an exponential scale gradually evolving into one of the most pivotal domains affecting our lives. Space which was categorised as Res Communis in 1967 now stands as a cruci...
The current framework of security has incorporated Earth’s orbit and outer space as areas of militarization in the pursuance of safeguarding national interests. While the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 has prevented the nuclearization of space,...
The militarisation of outer space has transformed it into a critical frontier of national security and strategic competition. For India, space-based assets have become indispensable for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, navigation...
India’s nuclear doctrine reflects a calibrated balance between strategic restraint and credible deterrence within an increasingly complex regional security environment. Rooted in the principle of No First Use (NFU) and anchored in a second-...
In the 21st century, trade has gone beyond its usual function of generating and protecting financial resources to a great extent. In current world politics, countries always use tariffs, sanctions, export limitations, and regulations not ju...
This article examines the evolving dynamics of nuclear deterrence in an increasingly multipolar international system, where emerging technologies and shifting geopolitical alignments are reshaping strategic stability. Focusing on India’s po...
Post-Cold War arms control has increasingly unravelled, as evidenced by the collapse of key bilateral treaties like the INF and New START and the inconsistent impact of multilateral agreements such as the JCPOA. A confluence of geopolitical...
Once viewed primarily through the lens of regional Pacific politics, Fiji has emerged as a strategically significant actor in the evolving Indo-Pacific order. Located at the intersection of critical maritime and air routes across the South ...
Jellyfish population explosions are increasingly emerging as indicators of deeper structural stress within marine ecosystems rather than isolated biological events. Their growing frequency across diverse geographies highlights the cumulativ...
Tuna fisheries play a critical role in the global blue economy, supporting food security, coastal livelihoods, and international seafood markets. Effective governance of these highly migratory species requires a deeper understanding of the ...
India’s political and strategic debates continue to revolve around identity and ideology, yet an increasingly destabilising force remains under-addressed: climate change. This commentary examines how climate stress is no longer a peripheral...
As generative AI transforms the global knowledge economy, India's long-standing comparative advantage in labour-intensive digital services is entering a period of strategic transition. This article argues that the debate extends beyond job ...
The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region occupies a central position within contemporary global supply chains, particularly in sectors such as cotton, textiles, and polysilicon production. As international scrutiny over alleged human rights vi...
The growing and emerging nations, whether in the BRICS group (Including the Expanded members) or other economic and geopolitical settings face a dilemma as they balance their path down a tightrope where they have to focus on a steady growth...
The world enters an era where the hegemonic contention aggravates and the climate crisis worsens, shifting the maritime routes, the chokepoints, and the significance of the following. The Traditional Sea lines of Communication (SLOC) and th...
The Eastern Mediterranean is emerging as a critical arena of geopolitical competition where maritime disputes, technological innovation, and strategic alignments increasingly intersect. Turkey’s Blue Homeland doctrine, expanding drone diplo...
In the realm of contemporary strategic politics, military engagement is still considered to be more of a last resort for pursuing one’s own geopolitical objectives. Hence, today’s conventional dichotomy of winning and losing involves more n...
India’s defence diplomacy has become a key pillar of its contemporary foreign policy, enabling New Delhi to project influence while maintaining strategic autonomy. This article examines how India employs military-to-military engagements, tr...
The April 2025 Pahalgam terror attack, which killed 26 civilians, marked a turning point in India’s internal security and triggered Operation Sindoor against Pakistan-based terror infrastructure. While militarily effective, the operation ex...
Artificial intelligence is no longer just a technological innovation. It has become a central concern in national security debates. The concept of securitization, developed by Barry Buzan, Ole Waever, and Jaap de Wilde within the Copenhagen...
The multi-billion-dollar monopoly on air superiority has been fundamentally broken. The proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) has completely altered the tactical and strategic calculus of the contemporary battlefield representing t...
AI systems have become essential tools for decision-making assistance across various fields which include healthcare and finance and governance and security. The systems deliver operational efficiency improvements together with better predi...
India’s efforts toward achieving digital sovereignty aim to secure national data, reduce dependence on foreign technologies, and strengthen its digital autonomy. The government has taken many steps that include transferring over 1.2 million...
India’s assumption of the BRICS 2026 chairmanship comes at a critical geopolitical moment marked by intensifying U.S.–China rivalry, expanding BRICS+ membership, and growing demands for a more multipolar international order. While the platf...
The bilateral relationship between the two states of India and the United States has evolved considerably over the past few decades, transforming from the Cold War estrangement to an increasingly strategic partnership, shaped by historical ...
Frequently appearing in headlines for insurgency, enforced disappearances and large-scale development initiatives, Balochistan, stands as one of South Asia’s most complex and misunderstood regions. Despite being Pakistan’s largest and most ...
This paper critically examines whether BRICS constitute a civilizational challenge to Western liberal internationalism, as suggested in some scholarly debates. Drawing on constructivism, institutionalism, realism, and postcolonial theory, t...
If there is anything that the past decade has taught us, it is that energy is no longer just a commodity, but a channel of state power. Control over energy supply can give immense economic coercion capabilities and political influence. Russ...
?India’s defence sector is experiencing a decisive shift from reliance on imports to building indigenous capacity, driven by the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative and reinforced by policy reforms such as the Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) ...
This paper examines the emerging dynamics of trilateral cooperation between China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh in South Asia, exploring its potential to reshape the region’s geopolitical balance and challenge India’s traditional hegemony. By a...
This article explores the strategic potential for greater collaboration between India and Taiwan, focusing on food and energy security. As global supply chains face increasing disruption and geopolitical tensions with China rise, both count...
Zero-COVID refers to public health policy adopted and implemented by multiple countries to counter the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This strategy involves the use of several public health measures like mass level testing, quarantine, l...
The Bush Doctrine, formulated in the wake of the tragic 9/11 attacks in the US might officially be an inactive approach to contemporary US foreign policy, but it introduced a stark shift in the intent and use of force. It was understood and...
How many times have we read in our history textbooks that the colonial forces and the conquerors of the post-Renaissance and post-Enlightenment era were responsible for the hurried boundaries and geographical features that have taken a perm...
“Culture has become one of the last elements of our identity. We have to act in favour of cultural diversity abroad as well as at home. We need strong cultural diplomacy and but we have to create it.” - Frederic Martel
The Kurram district of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province has been shaken by sectarian clashes between Sunni and Shia tribes, claiming over 100 lives. What began as a land dispute quickly spiraled into a violent conflict, exposing the r...
For much of its modern strategic history, India has viewed security through a predominantly continental lens, focusing on land borders and territorial challenges. Yet India's geography tells a different story. With more than 7,500 kilometre...
The expansion of BRICS marks one of the most significant developments in contemporary global politics, reflecting the growing influence of emerging powers and increasing dissatisfaction with Western-dominated international institutions. Wit...
Proxy warfare has long been viewed as an attractive strategic instrument, allowing states to pursue political and military objectives while maintaining plausible deniability and avoiding the costs of direct confrontation. Yet the very auton...
The contemporary international system is widely described as moving toward multipolarity, driven by the rise of China, Russia’s strategic assertiveness, and the growing influence of middle powers. Yet beneath these visible shifts, the insti...
The Centre for Security and Strategy Studies (CeSCube) is a unique think tank fostering collaboration across generations to address the evolving challenges of international relations, geopolitics, and security studies. Inspired by the visio...
Grey zone warfare refers to a form of state coercion that is more aggressive than normal diplomatic activity without causing an outright military conflict. It involves carefully designed tactics that steadily escalate security tensions and ...
Proxy warfare is a strategic tool through which powerful states influence conflicts abroad while minimising direct military, political, and financial costs. This report outlines the evolution, types, benefits, and risks associated with prox...
The Russia–Ukraine war has inflicted profound environmental and energy consequences beyond its immediate human and economic toll. Military operations have damaged industrial sites, released pollutants, and generated an estimated 230 MtCO?e ...
Ever since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, European states have faced a growing wave of hybrid threats. These threats are not always visible or dramatic, but they are persistent and deeply disruptive. In this artic...
The global attention surrounding Iran's Women, Life, Freedom movement following the death of Mahsa Jina Amini created the impression of a feminist uprising that briefly captured international consciousness before gradually fading from view....
The evolving relationship between Iran and the United Arab Emirates reflects a broader transformation in Gulf geopolitics, where influence is increasingly measured not only through military power but also through connectivity, finance, tech...
India's border fencing policy along the Bangladesh frontier represents one of the most extensive border management initiatives in South Asia, combining physical infrastructure, surveillance technologies, intelligence coordination, and insti...
India’s security environment is shaped by the simultaneous pressures of continental threats and maritime competition, requiring a strategic balance between territorial defence, regional diplomacy, and power projection. Historical conflicts ...
The research paper titled "Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in Pakistan: A Case Study of TTP" examines the trends, patterns, and drivers of terrorist attacks carried out by the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) from 2007 to 2023. The study emplo...
With structural policy inertia and bureaucratic delays in defence procurement and military modernisation, India has been facing the absence of tangible deterrence against China. Indian policy-makers are wary of China while at the same time acknowledge the fact that alliance or even long term strategic tango with US has enormous international costs. To avoid this quagmire situation, the book addresses the debate about the intense competition and occasional cooperation between India and China with a focus on Southeast Asian region
Since the last decade, the future of India seems to be fresh and dynamic as it redefines itself and creates a new political role. India's strategic outlook has always given importance to its immediate neighbourhood followed by extended neighbourhood. With an rising economic status and increasing acceptance of its role as an indispensable player in global politics, India has enhanced its engagement with the Oceania. The region comprises 14 Pacific island nations and 2 relatively large countries, Australia and New Zealand. India has started engaging the region because of possibilities related to Blue Economy, capacity building and sea bed mineral resources. Further, the large Exclusive Economic Zones of these island nations have opened vast opportunities, but these nations need help in terms of coastal monitoring, sustainable development and human resource management. India has created a niche for itself in these areas by providing technical assistance and low-cost solutions. However, India still needs to take into account these nations' concerns related to nuclear issues and climate change. India's security and progress are closely connected with those of its neighbours. This book explores the vistas of cooperation, highlighting the common issues and concerns.
The book encompasses the history of Vietnam as well as its economic growth and political discourse within the country. Vietnam emerged strongly after fighting three wars with global powers-France, the US and China, and has developed good relations with ASEAN members, European countries and even the US. While it is actively engaged in protecting its sovereign borders and islands in South China Sea, it has carved a place as the emerging middle power in Asia through its robust economic growth, political stability and progressive economic liberalization measures. This is further complemented by strategic partnerships, effective military modernization programme and proactive diplomacy in multilateral forums. The book advocates that Vietnam has fulfilled all criteria to be recognized as the middle power in Asia and its strategic location would act as a vantage point for Indo-Pacific discourse also.
