Grey zone warfare refers to a form of state coercion that is more aggressive than normal diplomatic activity without causing an outright military conflict. It involves carefully designed tactics that steadily escalate security tensions and ...
This paper critically examines whether BRICS constitute a civilizational challenge to Western liberal internationalism, as suggested in some scholarly debates. Drawing on constructivism, institutionalism, realism, and postcolonial theory, t...
The South China Sea continues to be among the most disputed maritime zones in the modern international system, a mixture of unresolved claims to sovereignty, dense commercial shipping routes, and strategic priorities on both regional and ex...
The 2025 Trump–Xi dialogue at the APEC Summit in Busan marked a tactical pause in escalating U.S.–China tensions rather than a structural reset. This article analyses the meeting through strategic signalling and game-theoretic perspectives,...
This article examines Belgium’s opposition to the European Union’s proposal to use frozen Russian sovereign assets as collateral for large-scale loans to Ukraine, arguing that the controversy exposes deeper structural tensions in the EU’s e...
India’s defence partnership with Russia, rooted in the Soviet era, has been strained by the Ukraine war. Sanctions, delivery delays, and supply chain disruptions have compelled India to diversify towards Western partners while advancing dom...
The April 2025 Pahalgam terror attack, which killed 26 civilians, marked a turning point in India’s internal security and triggered Operation Sindoor against Pakistan-based terror infrastructure. While militarily effective, the operation ex...
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, has had major humanitarian, environmental, economic, and military consequences. The conflict exacerbated nuclear threats in potentially catastrophic ways, and marked the resurgence of an existential ...
Water is not only just a source of life but also been a source of cooperation and conflict between the states in South Asia. It can be observed particularly in the Asia continent where the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) signed in 1960 between In...
Proxy warfare is a strategic tool through which powerful states influence conflicts abroad while minimising direct military, political, and financial costs. This report outlines the evolution, types, benefits, and risks associated with prox...
In the contemporary landscape of hybrid warfare, information has emerged as a strategic weapon. State and non-state actors deploy disinformation (intentional deception), fake narratives to shape public opinion, manipulate facts, and delegit...
The Iran-Israel conflict represents a critical case study in the evolution of asymmetric warfare within the Middle East. This article examines how conventional military imbalances between the two states have been increasingly offset by the ...
