The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, has had major humanitarian, environmental, economic, and military consequences. The conflict exacerbated nuclear threats in potentially catastrophic ways, and marked the resurgence of an existential ...
Water is not only just a source of life but also been a source of cooperation and conflict between the states in South Asia. It can be observed particularly in the Asia continent where the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) signed in 1960 between In...
Proxy warfare is a strategic tool through which powerful states influence conflicts abroad while minimising direct military, political, and financial costs. This report outlines the evolution, types, benefits, and risks associated with prox...
I. Introduction: Operation Sindoor, India’s coordinated tri service strike against terrorism infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan administered Kashmir on 7–10 May 2025, marked a pivotal escalation in India–Pakistan relations. ¹ Although ...
In the contemporary landscape of hybrid warfare, information has emerged as a strategic weapon. State and non-state actors deploy disinformation (intentional deception), fake narratives to shape public opinion, manipulate facts, and delegit...
Rare earth minerals are a group of 17 metallic elements in the periodic table made up of scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides. Although the name suggests ‘rare’ minerals, they are abundant in the earth’s crust. However, they are often fou...
The Russia–Ukraine war has inflicted profound environmental and energy consequences beyond its immediate human and economic toll. Military operations have damaged industrial sites, released pollutants, and generated an estimated 230 MtCO?e ...
Ever since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, European states have faced a growing wave of hybrid threats. These threats are not always visible or dramatic, but they are persistent and deeply disruptive. In this artic...
The Iran-Israel conflict represents a critical case study in the evolution of asymmetric warfare within the Middle East. This article examines how conventional military imbalances between the two states have been increasingly offset by the ...
This article critically examines the geopolitical ramifications of Operation Sindoor, India’s retaliatory action against Pakistan following the Pahalgam terror attack in April 2025. Rooted in India's long-standing commitment to principles o...
This article explores the strategic potential for greater collaboration between India and Taiwan, focusing on food and energy security. As global supply chains face increasing disruption and geopolitical tensions with China rise, both count...
On May 07, 2025, the world witnessed the armed conflict between two nuclear-armed countries with a history of multiple wars. In response to the Pahalgam Attack, New Delhi launched Operation Sindoor destroying nine key terror camps and ...
